ABSTRACT: This Thesis examines important religious figures and rebellion in accordance to Afro-Jamaican religion and how these events influenced colonists and English perception and that perception’s ultimate effect on the Jamaican maroon communities. The first chapter focuses on the development of the relationship between Maroons and colonists through the Frist Maroon War as well as the importance of religion within the Maroons. Grandy Nanny is an important figure in this chapter for her religious power and important in the war. The second chapter analyses what caused the shift in colonists’ perception of Obeah from condescending to fearful. It does this by examining Tacky’s Rebellion, Three Fingered Jack, and increasing fears towards Obeah from colonists as well as the first introduction of Obeah to the literate British public and the differences between the British and Colonists. The final chapter concentrates on the Haitian Revolution and its effect on colonial governance as well as the connection to the spark that ignited the Second Maroon War. This chapter also addresses the lack of development in Obeah’s perception among metropolitan Britain in late 1790’s despite the destruction of the previous rebellions and wars. All of these events are affected by the perception of Afro-Jamaican religion and the fear that it developed amongst colonists. This fear along with pre-existing stigmas against black people resulted in a tense relationship between the Maroons and colonists that ultimately failed and resulted in the deportation of many Trelawny Town maroons.
ABSTRACT: Many different models, approaches, styles, and concepts have been created throughout the
human study of history and each has caused an evolution of understanding within the discipline.
Each of these tools are built with a purpose in mind so that they can advance our understanding
of the past, while those that failed to stand the test of time have at least had their remnants act as
fertilizer for new ideas. With the modern ideas of the prosumer rising in the discipline of higher
education as someone who is at the same time the consumer and producer of an intellectual
product such as historical romances in the vein of Ivanhoe or in more extreme cases shows like
Fate/Apocrypha so should the concepts that are used in academia evolve. Based heavily on
Bentley’s Companion to Historiography evaluation of four styles of understanding the history of
China and the voyages of Zheng He during the Ming Dynasty, a new approach to historians’
products will be built. Using the dynastic cycle variant of periodization and cultural studies will
test and examine to find the minimum requirements of a new prosumer assistive approach to
producing historical works.
ABSTRACT: “We will speak to the whole world. We will introduce Italy (...) to all other countries. We will use
the radio, the theatre, the cinema. And, of course, we will use the press. But, above all, we will use men.”
— Galeazzo Ciano, 1934.1
As Fascism became the hot topic of discussion amongst foreign right winged intellectuals of the
1920s, the Italian Fascists were starting to see that their ideology did not have a solely Italian nature. The
Fasci Italiani All’Estero were the first tool to export Fascism outside Italian borders but the youth and
totalitarian leadership-centered, xenophobic (later racially-wise), anti-liberal, anti-communist and
corporativist nature of Italian Fascism started to be exported independently of the Fascist Regime’s
efforts. Realizing such, the latter eventually recognized its international appeal also due to the general
decadence of the liberal democracies following the Wall Street Crisis. The Italian Fascists went through
the inter-war years concerned by how much vagueness to allow when defining fascism as a universal
phenomenon. For them, vagueness would play both in favor and against the cultural imperialist aims that
drove the entire attempt to marshal the internationalization of Fascism; remaining vague in setting clear
ideological boundaries to allow penetration in national realities different from Italy’s while never doing
without the stress on the Italian origins of the traits adapted elsewhere. With the rise of like-minded states
like Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy found it difficult to share the podium of those admired by foreigners and
eventually proved that disunity induced by ideological differences did not only plague left-winged
organizations around the world but was something that affected the right as well.
ABSTRACT: In Italy, the role of the healer between the 15th and 16th century changed and evolved according
to new scientific discoveries and a stronger organization developing around what a healer could
be or not. For the common people, the healer had many faces, from folk healers to monks to
pharmacists. For the rich, healers were doctors who studied at universities. All of them had an
important role outside and inside the Italian cities’ limits. Therefore, my research question was if
the evolution of the healer through these centuries shows the beginnings of a scientific approach
to healing, something that would be better defined later with the coming scientific revolutions.
All this with a stronger focus on the role of the pharmacist, the middleman of all social classes.
My research answers that yes, that is exactly what is happening even if slowly. It is not as
scientific as it is in present day, but the more changes happened in the world of health, the more
method was applied to the culture of medicine.
